評論
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The cocktail of additives and preservatives in upf harm people in ways both known and unknown.
超加工食品中的添加劑和防腐劑以已知和未知的方式對人體造成傷害。
It seems to affect the gut microbiome, the trillions of bacteria that contribute to health in a range of ways.
它似乎會影響腸道微生物群，而腸道微生物群是數以萬億計的細菌，它們以各種方式促進健康。
Calorie-rich but usually nutrient-poor, upf contributes to obesity in part because its palatability and soft texture foster overconsumption, overriding satiety signals from the brain.
超加工食品富含卡路里，但通常缺乏營養，它會導致肥胖，部分原因是它美味和柔軟的質地會讓人過度食用，從而壓倒大腦發出的飽腹感信號。
Because this frankenfood is cheap to produce and buy, upf displaces healthier alternatives, particularly for poor people.
因為這種“弗蘭肯食品”的生產和購買成本都很低，它取代了更健康的替代品，尤其是對窮人來說。
Extra weight was once a sign of wealth, but among British and American women today, obesity rates are higher at lower-income levels.
超重曾是富有的標志，但在今天的英國和美國女性中，低收入階層的肥胖率更高。
(Curiously, rates do not vary for men, even though a greater share of American men than women are obese.)
(奇怪的是，盡管美國男性的肥胖率高于女性，但男性的肥胖率卻沒有變化。)
The reasons why upf can be harmful are not always clear, even to scientists.
即使對科學家來說，超加工食品有害的原因也并不總是很清楚。
Additives that may be safe in isolation or small quantities may be harmful in combination with other chemicals or when consumed regularly.
一些添加劑單獨使用或少量使用時可能安全，與其他化學品結合使用或經常使用時卻可能有害。
If we are what we eat, considering the impact of upf is essential, but too often Mr van Tulleken’s case for clean food is accompanied by anti-capitalist preening: for instance, he nonsensically calls corporate-tax minimisation “part of ultra-processing”.
如果我們吃什么就是什么，那么考慮超加工食品的影響就是必不可少的，但范·塔肯對清潔食品的主張往往包裹著反資本主義的外殼：例如，他荒謬地將公司稅最小化稱為“超加工的一部分”。
Environment matters, too.
環境也很重要。
People who live in what the author calls “food swamps”, where “upf is everywhere but real food is harder to reach”, could spend large amounts of time and money seeking out fresh food, but that is not how most people live.
作者所說的“食物沼澤”里面“到處都是食物，但很難找到真正的食物”，生活在里面的人可能會花費大量的時間和金錢尋找新鮮食物，但這并不是大多數人的生活方式。
There is nothing wrong with the odd fast-food trip, but anyone who can afford to eat less upf probably should.
偶爾吃點快餐沒什么錯，但任何有能力的人可能都應該少吃點。
